MAN

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MAN

What is Man? Man or Homo Sapien is the most developed primate, and the highest creature in the evolutionary series.
How many bones are there in the human body? There are 206 bones in the human body. The longest bone is the thigh bone femur and the smallest is the stirrup bone stapedius, one of the auditory ossicles in the middle ear.
What is the Heart? The Heart is the muscular organ which collects and pumps blood around the body.
What are lungs? The Lungs are the factory in where the blood is purified with the help of the oxygen present in the air we breathe.
What is Brain? Brain is the centre of the nervous system and the co-ordinator of all the body's conscious and unconscious activities. It is a mass of nerve tissues protected by the skull. It contains hundreds of million of cells.
The average weight of a new-born child: 2.6kg.
When does a new born baby first breath? When it begins to cry.
What is meant by "identical twins"? The babies born out of an ovum divided into two after fertilisation.
Who compared the human cell with a factory? George Gamo.
Which substances regulate chemical action in the body? Enzymes.
Which organ in the body produces the largest quantity of enzymes? Liver.
The gland which produces the enzyme parathormone: Parathroid.
Express the body temperature in celcius scale: 36.9 degree C.
Who produced the artificial gene? H. G. Khorana.
The membranes which covers the heart: Pericardium.
The number of chromosomes in the human cell: 23 pairs.
How many muscles are there in a human body? Six hundred and thirty nine (639).
Which is the largest muscle in a human body? The largest muscle is the buttock muscle gluteus maximus.
What is the function of spinal cord? It carries the messages from the brain to various parts of the body.
Which is the part of the brain that controls motor function? Cerebellum Cortex.
The nerous system which controls the functioning of the body at sleep? Autonomous Nervous System.
The centre inside the heart which includes heart beats? Pacemaker.
A chemical which retards heart beats: Acetyl cholaine.
The thin membrane lining the inside of the heart: Endocardium.
The muscles by which heart is made of: Cardiac muscles.
The liquid present in the membrane covering the heart Pericardial fluid.
What is meant by neuron? Nerve cell.
The chemical produced in the neuron: Acetyl cholaine.
What is responsible for the transmission of messages in the body? Acetyl cholaine.
Which American scientist has worked on the functions of the vagus nerve in the heart? Ottolovi - in 1921.
The number of neurons in the brain: 1400 crores.
The name given to the wave motion of small intestine: Peristalsis.
What is a chromosome? The Microscopic, thread like part of a cell which carries hereditary information in the form of genes.
What is the Barrbody test? This test is used before the sports events to determine sex.
What is normal pulse beat? The pulse rate of a woman is slightly faster than of men. It is between 70-72 beats per minute in men and 78-82 in women.
What is the life of a red blood cell? The life of a red blood cell is 120 days. It contains Hemoglobin which carries oxygen through the body.
Which are the important systems in the Human Body? They are 1) The Digestive System. 2) The Circulatory System 3) The Respiratory System 4) The Nervous System 5) The Skeletal System 6) The Muscular System 7) The Reproductive System 8) The Excretory System.
What is the major component of bones and teeth? Calcium Phosphate.
To whom is dialysis used? To a patient suffering from kidney trouble.
In what forms are carbohydrates stored in the liver? Glycogen.
What is the principal function of bile? To regulate the process of digestion.
Which are the largest veins in the Human Body? The venacavas superior venacava, drains blood from the head, chest and arms. Interior venacava receives blood from legs and abdomen.
Which part of the body secretes Hormone insulin? Islets of Longerhans. It regulates blood glucose level.
How many sweat glands are there in the body? There are approximately 2 million sweat is composed of 99% water with a little sodium chloride.
Where is the Insula? It is known as the island of Reil and is a part of the brain. It is located in the lateral surface of the temporal lobe which subserves the function of taste and partakes in functions like salivation, belching and gastric movements.
Who is the first Indian test tube baby? Durga is the first Indian test tube girl.
What is the main functions of the small intestinne? The main function of the intestine is the absorption of Carbohydrate, fat and protein from food which has first been broken down into molecules by the action of enzymes.
What is the difference between an antiseptic and an antibiotic? The antiseptic stops the growth of germs and antibiotic destroys the germs completely.
Which is the first antibiotic? The first antibiotic medicine is Pencillin invented by Alexander Fleming.
What is Myopia? Myopia is an eye defect in which the object closer to the eye can be seen properly but the object distant will be blurred.
What is Hypermetropia? In this defect the object closer to the eye cannot be able to seen properly but the object distant can be seen properly.
What is Astigmatism? In Astigmatism one cannot see with clarity, the horizontal and vertical lines simultaneously.
Which nerve carries impulses from the eye to the brain? The optic nerve.
Of what is chloroid wall of the eye made? It is made of blood vessels and pigmented cells.
What are the main functions of bones? In addition to giving shape and firmness to the body, it protects vital organs such as the brain, the spinal cord, the heart, and the lungs.
What is the function of endocrine system? The endocrine system adjusts and correlates the various activities of the body, making adjustment to the body system by the changing demands of the external and internal environment.
What is the Pituitary gland? It is often described as the master gland or the leader of the endocrine orchestra. It is reddish in colour, roughly oval in shape and is situated at the base of the brain.
How many lobes are there in the pituitary and which are they? The pituitary has three lobes 1) Anterior pituitary 2) The mid-lobe of the pituitary 3) Posterior pituitary.
Which are the hormones secreted by the Anterior pituitary? They are 1) growth hormone (Somato trophic hormone) 2) adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) 3) thyrotrophic stimulating hormone (TSH) 4) Prolactin (lactogenic hormone) (FSH) and Luteinizing hormone (LH).
Which hormone is involved in the water regulation of the body? The hormone involved in water regulation is ADH or Anti-diuretic hormone released by the posterior pituitary.
How do hiccups occur? The hiccups occur when the diaphran and the muscles between the ribs suddenly contract. This causes a sharp, uncontrollable, inhalation of air, which is unable to reach the lungs because the muscle spasm has closed the windpipe.
What are the activities of digestive system? The five activities are ingestion, secretion, digestion, absorption, and elimination.
What are carbohydrates? They consist of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. They are found in sugar, jams, cereals, bread, potatoes, fruit, vegetables and milk.
What is the function of the Carbohydrates? In the body they are utilized to provide energy and heat, and help to maintain the normal blood glucose level.
Which are the three main groups of Carbohydrates? They are monosaccharides, dissaccharides and polysacchrides.
What are Proteins? Proteins are complex compounds containing carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, sulphur and phosphorous. They are obtained mainly from meats, eggs, milk, cheese, fish, cereals and certain vegetables.
What are the essentialities of Proteins? They are essential for the repair of the body tissue, the maintenance of the osmotic equilibrium between blood and tissue fluids and for providing energy and heat when there is an insufficient supply of Carbohydrates.
Which are the main Proteins? They are albumin, globulin, glutelins, gliadins, scleroproteins, protamines and histones.
What are the importance of the fats (Lipids)? Fat is important in the diet not only for its high energy, but also it contains the fat soluble vitamins A, D, E and K and certain essential fatty acids.
What are Vitamins? They are organic compounds essential for life, health and growth. They are not eaten such as in the diet, but are widely dispersed in the food.
How many kinds of vitamins are there? There are two groups of vitamins, Fat-soluble vitamins and water soluble vitamins.
Which are Fat-soluble vitamins? Vitamin-A, Vitamin-D (Calciferol), Vitamin-E (Tocopherol) and Vitamin-K.
Which are water-soluble vitamins? Vitamin-B1 (Thismine), Vitamin-B2 (Riboflavine), Nicotinamide, Vitamin-B6 (Pyridoxine), Pantothenic acid, Biotin, Folic acid (Pteroyglutamic acid), Vitamin-B12 and Vitamin-C.
What is the necesscity of mineral salts? They are necessary in the diet for all body processes. Only a small amount is needed.
How calcium is used in the human body? It is the chief constituent of teeth and bones. It is absorbed in the small intestine with the help of vitamin-D. It plays an important part in the coagulation of blood and in contraction of muscles.
What is the use of phosphate? Phosphate combines with calcium in the formation of bone and teeth and it helps to maintain the normal composition of body fluids.
What is the important roll of sodium? Sodium is present mainly in tissue fluids and therefore play an important roll in cell activity and in the fluid balance of the body.
Why potassium is essential? Potassium is an essential constituent of all cells. It is also necessary for the normal activity of cardiac, skeletal and smooth muscles.
What is the importance of iron in the body? Iron is necessary for the formation of cytochromes that is involved in tissue oxidation. It is very essential for the formation of Haemoglobin.
The importance of Iodine: Iodine is essential for the formation of the thyroid hormones, thyroxine and tri iodothyronine.
Which are the diseases caused by vitamin deficiency? They are beri-beri, scurvy, rickets and night blindness.
What is the difference between Histology and Histopathology? Histology is the microscopic study of normal tissues of the body and Histopathology is the microscopic study of tissues which are affected by disease.
What is a cell? A cell is a mass of protoplasm enclosed within a membrane containing a subdivision, the nucleus.
What is nucleus? The nucleus contains most of the genetic material of the cell. It is bounded by two membranes each rather similar to cytoplasmic membranes.
What are chromosomes? They are small thread-like bodies which are seen within nuclei during cell division.
How many chromosomes are there in a body cell? 23 pairs, one of each pair derived from the father and the other from the mother.
What are the constituents of blood? Blood consists of plasma, erythocytes (red blood cells) leueo-cytes (white blood cells) and thrombocytes (platelets).
What is Plasma? Plasma is a complex solution of proteins, salts and numerous substances and acts as a transport medium carrying its constituents to specialized organs of the body.
What are erythrocytes (R. B. C)? These cells are seen under microscope as non nucleated, pale greenish-yellow, binocave discs. Its primary function is to transport oxygen from the lungs, via heart to the tissues. They normally survive in the blood stream for 110 days.
What are Leucocytes (W. B. C)? These are nucleated cells some of which are capable of amoeboid movement. They are present in normal blood in smaller numbers than red cells. Their main function is to act as one of the body's defences.
What are thrombocytes? They are small non-nucleated oval or round cells. They are capable of sticking together and prevents bleeding by forming a physical barrier.
From where the cells are produced? They are produced from the bone marrow.
What is Haemoglobin? It is a large complex molecule. It is synthesized in the developing red cells and has an iron containing complex called haem.
What is coagulation? The clotting of blood outside the body is called coagulation.
Who first explained the theory of coagulation? Morawitz in 1905.
Which are the four main groups of blood? They are A, B, AB and O.
How much blood do the body have? An average man have 5 litres of blood.
What is the normal temperature of the body? The normal temperature is 37 degree C or 98.4 degree F.
Which enzymes are contained in pancreatic juice? Trypsin, Amylase, and Lipase.
What are the constituents of saliva? The saliva consists of water, mucin, mineral salts and ptyalin.
How many salivary glands are there? Three pairs of salivary glands are there.
Which are the salivary glands? Parotit glands, sub-maxillary and sub-lingual glands.
Which part of the body is called pharynx? The cavity between the mouth and tongue.
Which is the hormone produced by Pyloric glands? Gastrin.
Which are the three parts of pharynx? Naso-pharnyx, Oro-pharynx, Laryngo-pharynx.
Which is the enzyme that converts starch into maltose? Ptyalin.
What is allergy? It is a specific hyper-sensitiveness to a substance which is harmless for the majority of members of the same species.
What is abscess? Abscess is localized formation of pus in a cavity produced by the breakdown of tissues.
What is infection? Invasion and injury of the tissues of the body by pathogenic organisms is called infection.
What is chemotherapy? The treatment of disease by the administration of chemicals.
Who is the first test tube baby? Lousie Joy Brown born in U. K. on July 25, 1978.

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