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• Where did plants originate?        Plants originated in the Ocean.
• How many kinds of plants are there?        More than 350,000 species.
• What is the basic classification unit of the plants?        The basic classification unit of plants as of animals is the species.
• Which is the oldest known plant?        The oldest known are traces of algae that lived more than 3 billion years ago.
• What are the simplest plants?        The metre are the simplest plants.  Bacteria, Algae and Fungi belong to this group.
• What is meant by Nomenclature?        It is the science of naming individuals on the basis of their body characters, habits and distribution.
• What are Protozoa?        Protozoa are cellular or non-cellular organisms. Their bodies are made of single cell which perform all the essential activities.
• Who is the father of Taxonomy?        Carolus Linnaeus.  He originated the modern classification system and first used binomial system of nomenclature.
• Which is the structural and physiological unit of a plant?        Cells.
• Who discovered the plant cell?        Schieider and Robert Hooke in 1665.
• The material of which the wall of a plant cell is made:        Cellulose.
• What are Saprophytes?        Saprophytes are those plants which feed on dead organic material.
• What are Bryophytes?        They are small, green primitive land plants characterized by the lack of true roots, stems and leaves.
• Which is the smallest plant?        The smallest plant is the unicellular alga which is classified under protista.
• What are algae?        Seadweeds like Rockweed, Kelp, Sea lettuce and Dulse are called algae.  They are marine and fresh water plants.
• How many species are known?        More than 25,000.
• For which purposes is the algae used in modern technology?        In Antibiotics and to manufacture products like soaps, shaving cream, adhesives, paper, plastics, films, etc.
• What do you know about Fucus?        Fucus is a large brown sea-weed or alga found on rocky coasts with leaf-like and roof like parts.
• What is Euglena?        Euglena is a tiny, green, single-celled alga, propelled by a whip-like flagelia.
• What do you know about spirogyra?        Spirogyra is a green fresh water multi-cellular alga, consisting of minute filaments containing spirally coiled chloroplasts.
• What is Chlorella?        Chlorella is a single-celled green alga which gives green colour to the tank water.
• Which one is commonly known as "Pond Silk"?        Spirogyra.
• From which algae agar-agar the culture media in biological research derived?        From the red algae. (Graeillaria)
• What are Kelps?        Kelps are large brown algae, found in temperate coastal waters.
• What are Laminarias?        Laminarias are kelps or a variety of the large brown algae.
• What are holdfasts?        Holdfasts are special organs of kelps superficially resembling roots which enable them to hold fast to the rocks.
• What are Angiosperms?        The flowering plants are generally called Angiosperms.  Their reproductive organs are in flowers having seeds.
• What are the two classes of flowering plants?        are Moncotyledons or Monocots and Dicotyledons or Dicots.
• What is the difference between Moncotyledons and Dicotyledons?        They differ in the structure of their seeds, stems and leaves.  But the basic distinction between them is that dicots have two cotyledons or seed leaves and monocots have only one.  Dicotyledons are also known as Magnolios.
• Which is the largest flower?        The largest flower is the mottled orange brown and white parasitic stinking corpslily (Rafflesia arnoldii) which grows in the forests of southeast Asia.  It was named after the founder of Singapore, Sir Samford Raffles.  The width of the flower is 1-3 ft across.
• Which is the smallest flowering plant?        The floating Wolffia angasta from the duckweed family are the smallest flowering plants.  The width of the flower is 0.5 mm.
• What is pollination?        The process of transferring the pollen, the male reproductive units, from the parts, that produce them to the plants female structures.
• What is known as infloresence?        The arrangement and mode of distribution of flowers on the short system of the plant is known as infloresence.
• What are cleistogamous flowers?        Some flowers remain closed and never open.  These flowers are called cleistogamous.
• What is fertilization?       Fertilization means fusion of the nuclei of male and female gametes.
• What is double fertilization?        It means one male gamete with the egg and the other with the antipodal cell.
• From where is clove oil obtained?        Clove oil is obtained from the flower buds of Syzygium aromaticum.
• What is the sepal?        The sepal is the protective leaf-like part of a flower which is usually green in colour and lies outside the petals.
• What is stamen?        Stamen is the male reproductive part of a flower composed of a filament or stalk, and a pair of pollen sacs together called another.
• What is stigma?        Stigma is the receptive surface area of the carpel (female reproductive organ of a flower) which is sticky or feathery.
• Which are the main types of fruits?        The main types of fruits are Drupe, Pome, Leguine, Berry, Nut and Aggregate.
• What are the differences between Drupe, Berry and Aggregate?        Drupe is a fruit with a single seed.  Berry with seeds and Aggregate is a fruit with many tiny drupes.
• Which is the most nutritive fruit?        Avocado (Persea american) has the highest calorific value (740 calories) and cucumber (73 calories) has the lowest.
• Which is the ester that gives pineapple its pleasant smell?        Ethyne Butyrale.
• Which is the plant in which the seeds grow without ovary?        Psychus.
• Which plant can absorb Nitrogen in the form of Ammonia?        Paddy.
• Which is the plant that stores food in its leaves?        Cabbage.
• What is the name of the disease caused by the lack of iron in plants?        Chlorosis.
• Which are the plants that shed branches?        Cherry and Birch.
• Which are the plants that shed leaves with branches?        Redwood and Cypress.
• What are insectivorous plants?        Insectivorous plants are those plants that trap insects and other small creatures for food.  They include sundews, pitcher plants and fly traps.
• What is Tropism?        Tropism is the movement of a plant in response to a particular external stimulus such as gravity or light which causes the root or stem to bend to wards or away from it.  If the pull is by gravity, it is Geotropism.  If it is by light, it is phototropism.
• Which are the plants that are very much used in modern medicine?        The fox-glove for heart diseases, Atropa belladonna (from which Atropine yields) Papaver  Somniferum (opium, morphine, heroine) and a fungus claviceps purpurea (lysergic acid).

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